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Design Foundations

Design Foundations

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philip zw

Your go-to reference for design education — covering graphic design, UX/UI, ergonomics, and industrial design through concise, well-cited articles packed with visuals and infographics.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-10-19

Chart choice: the ranking that picks your chart, and where it stops applying

What Cleveland and McGill's accuracy ranking of visual encodings actually measured, why pie charts come out level with stacked bars in part-to-whole judgement, and how to check whether your chart hands the reader a reference.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-10-12

Motion: how long an animation should last, and what sets the limit

Why interface animations should run 100-500 milliseconds, when a two-second transition is the right call instead, and which job decides between them.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-10-05

Legibility: size, distance, and the rules that survive measurement

A source-backed guide to text legibility: how the eye samples a line, what the measured evidence says about serifs, letter case and line length, and how to size type against viewing distance.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-09-28

Icon and pictogram design: make the symbol work before anyone has learned it

A source-backed guide to icon and pictogram design: the three places a symbol fails, the comprehension thresholds the standards actually set, and the test each kind of symbol owes before it ships.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-09-21

Grip design: match the handle, the span, and the target to the hand

A concise, source-backed guide to sizing grips, handles and touch targets from the hand that will use them: which grip a task needs, the diameters the sources actually give, why those numbers disagree, and where the wrist has to sit.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-09-14

Design constraints: guide the right action by limiting the rest

A concise visual guide to designing constraints that prevent mistakes, eliminate ambiguity, and guide correct action across interfaces, products, and environments.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-09-07

Wayfinding: design every turn, landmark, and arrival

A concise guide to making unfamiliar routes legible through orientation, decision-point cues, reassurance, landmarks, and arrival confirmation.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-08-31

Progressive disclosure: reveal the next useful layer

A concise visual guide to deciding what stays visible, what moves behind a clear route, and when staged disclosure fits a task better.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-08-24

Feedback design: make the next action legible

A concise visual guide to designing feedback that tells people what happened, what state holds, and what to do next across interfaces, products, and work environments.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-08-17

Information architecture: turn user language into a tested navigation path

A concise visual guide to turning user language into groups, labels, and a navigation structure that you can verify with card sorting and tree testing.

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Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-08-10

Poka-yoke: design predictable mistakes out of the path

A concise, visual guide to poka-yoke: how to block or expose predictable mistakes across UX/UI, graphic, ergonomic, and industrial design.

Design Foundations
Design Foundations
2026-08-03

Hick's Law: reduce competing choices, not useful capability

A concise visual guide to Hick's Law: understand the logarithmic choice-time model, then reduce, group, or reveal choices without hiding useful capability.

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