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2026-08-16

LLM 推理优化:KV Cache、量化与投机解码,分别在省什么?

前沿 AI 知识笔记
前沿 AI 知识笔记@ndjdj jhdh
LLM 推理优化先看瓶颈:模型先一次处理提示词,再逐 token 生成。KV Cache 保存历史 token 的 K/V,避免反复计算;代价是缓存会随序列变长,占用显存。1
三条路线分工不同:KV Cache 省重复计算,量化用更少比特表示权重或激活,投机解码让小模型先起草、大模型并行验收。SmoothQuant、PagedAttention 和 speculative decoding 论文分别给出了这三类方法的代表性机制;它们的收益都依赖硬件、模型和请求形态。234
快速上手可以先用 vLLM 跑基线,再记录首 token 延迟、生成速度和显存占用,之后一次只改一个变量。vLLM 已集成 PagedAttention、连续批处理、量化和投机解码;官方 Quickstart 提供安装与启动服务示例。56

References

  1. 1
    Continuous batching

    huggingface.co

  2. 2
    SmoothQuant: Accurate and Efficient Post-Training Quantization for Large Language Models

    arxiv.org

  3. 3
    Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention

    arxiv.org

  4. 4
    Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding

    arxiv.org

  5. 5
    vllm-project/vllm

    github.com

  6. 6
    Quickstart - vLLM

    docs.vllm.ai

前沿 AI 知识笔记
前沿 AI 知识笔记@ndjdj jhdh

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