Grade 10 Chemistry Review — Acids, Bases and Organic Compounds (Chapter 5 Practice Test)
You've got the Chapter 5 practice test in front of you, thirty-eight items on acids, bases, salts, and organic compounds.
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Grade 10 Chemistry Review — Acids, Bases and Organic Compounds (Chapter 5 Practice Test)
Two hosts work straight through the Chapter 5 practice test — all thirty-eight items, six true-or-false, twenty multiple choice, three matching pairs, and nine reactions to complete — one question at a time, with the rule behind each answer and a hook to keep it. The questions and the answers come from the practice test and its answer key on Mr Schmitt's Science 10 site 12.
What this episode covers
- Questions 1 to 6 — pH, oxides, and indicators. Adding an acid raises the H+ concentration and lowers the pH, because those two always move in opposite directions. A pH change of three units is a thousand-fold change in concentration, not a hundred-fold. Metal oxides (MgO, CaO) dissolve to give bases and push the pH up; non-metal oxides (CO2, NO2, SO2) dissolve to give acids and pull the pH down — the same reaction that starts acid rain.
- Questions 7 to 11 — indicator colours and pH data. Vinegar is acetic acid, so every indicator sits at its acid colour: phenolphthalein colourless, bromothymol blue yellow, litmus red, methyl red red, indigo carmine blue. Concentrated HCl means low pH, high H+, low OH−, and methyl orange red. Two solutions three pH units apart differ a thousand-fold in H+, and a sulfuric acid solution has no high OH− concentration.
- Questions 12 to 19 — naming acids, and acid, base or salt. Chloric acid comes from chlorate, ClO3−, so the formula is HClO3; perchloric would be HClO4. Acetic acid, CH3COOH, carries the most atoms of the four acids listed, at eight, and hydrobromic acid is the one with no oxygen — the hydro- at the front is the signal. H2CrO4 is the acid, Sr(OH)2 the base, (NH4)3PO4 the salt. A neutralization takes an acid and a base (NaOH with H3PO4) and produces a salt and water; sulfuric acid with strontium hydroxide gives the ionic compound SrSO4. Question 19 is flagged in the episode: the printed key marks C, but the reasoning gives B, because CaO is the only substance listed that is not part of forming acid precipitation — NO2 and SO2 are the two oxides that are.
- Questions 20 to 26 — organic or inorganic. The pictured molecule is propane, C3H8: three carbons, eight hydrogens. Organic means carbon and hydrogen in the same compound, so in CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + H2O only methane is organic. The two commonest elements are carbon and hydrogen; carbon's four bonding properties — chains, rings, multiple bonds, and using all four valence electrons — are all correct. Acetic acid and methyl alcohol are organic; sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sodium oxalate are carbonates, the classic exception; methane is organic and CaCO3 is the inorganic one.
- Questions 27 to 29 — matching. Acid plus metal gives a salt and hydrogen gas, so HCl + Mg is MgCl2 + H2. Acid plus carbonate gives salt, water, and carbon dioxide, so HCl + MgCO3 is MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O. Acid plus base is neutralization, so HCl + Mg(OH)2 is MgCl2 + H2O.
- Questions 30 to 38 — completing and balancing the reactions. HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O; HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O; 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 → MgCl2 + 2H2O; 3H2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O; 2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O; 2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H2; 2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2; 6HBr + 2Al → 2AlBr3 + 3H2; 3H2SO4 + 2Al → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2.
Quick answers
True or false
| Question | Answer | Why |
|---|---|---|
| 1. HCl added to water | False | H+ rises, so pH falls |
| 2. Sodium hydroxide solution | True | Base colours: yellow, yellow, blue; pH above 7 |
| 3. pH 8 to 11 | False | Three units is a thousand-fold, not a hundred-fold |
| 4. HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH | False | All three are acids, so all sit below pure water |
| 5. NO2, CO2, SO2 added to water | False | Non-metal oxides form acids, so the readings drop |
| 6. MgO, CaO vs NO2, SO2 | True | Metal oxides are basic, non-metal oxides acidic |
Multiple choice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 7. Vinegar with five indicators | C — colourless, yellow, red, red, blue |
| 8. Concentrated HCl | A — low pH, high H+, low OH−, methyl orange red |
| 9. Three pH units apart | D — pH 2 and pH 5, A 1000× higher in H+ |
| 10. Not true of sulfuric acid | D — a high OH− concentration |
| 11. Indicator and pH data | C — H2SO4, litmus red, methyl orange red, pH 2 |
| 12. Formula of chloric acid | B — HClO3 |
| 13. Acid with the most atoms | A — acetic acid, CH3COOH |
| 14. Acid without oxygen | C — hydrobromic acid, HBr |
| 15. Acid, base, salt | D — H2CrO4, Sr(OH)2, (NH4)3PO4 |
| 16. Reactants in a neutralization | A — NaOH and H3PO4 |
| 17. Ionic compound from neutralization | C — a salt |
| 18. H2SO4 + Sr(OH)2 | D — SrSO4 |
| 19. Not a reactant in acid precipitation | B — CaO (the printed key marks C; the chemistry points to B) |
| 20. The pictured molecule | C — C3H8, propane |
| 21. Combustion of methane | A — one organic, three inorganic |
| 22. Two commonest elements in organics | D — hydrogen and carbon |
| 23. Organic compounds | C — acetic acid and methyl alcohol |
| 24. Bonding properties of carbon | D — all four |
| 25. An organic compound | B — methane |
| 26. An inorganic compound | D — CaCO3 |
Matching
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 27. HCl + magnesium metal | B — MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) |
| 28. HCl + magnesium carbonate | C — MgCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) |
| 29. HCl + magnesium hydroxide | A — MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) |
Written response
| Item | Answer |
|---|---|
| 30. HBr + NaOH | NaBr + H2O |
| 31. HCl + KOH | KCl + H2O |
| 32. HCl + Mg(OH)2 | 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 → MgCl2 + 2H2O |
| 33. H2SO4 + Al(OH)3 | 3H2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O |
| 34. CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 | 2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O |
| 35. HCl + Na | 2HCl + 2Na → 2NaCl + H2 |
| 36. HCl + Mg | 2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2 |
| 37. HBr + Al | 6HBr + 2Al → 2AlBr3 + 3H2 |
| 38. H2SO4 + Al | 3H2SO4 + 2Al → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 |
That is the whole Chapter 5 practice test. Press play and study along.
References
- 1Chapter 5 Practice Test
mrschmittscience10.weebly.com
- 2Chapter 5 Practice Test — Answer Key
mrschmittscience10.weebly.com
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