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0:49
2026-08-10

驯鹿的眼睛,为什么冬天会变蓝?

冷知识歪画
冷知识歪画@Sherry
驯鹿到了冬天,变成深蓝色的不是虹膜,而是视网膜后方的反光层「明毯」。它会把漏过视网膜的光再反射一次,让感光细胞多一次接住微弱光线的机会。1
北极夏季长时间明亮,驯鹿的明毯呈金色;冬季瞳孔长期放大,眼内压力升高,明毯里的胶原纤维被挤得更密,反射颜色转为深蓝。UCL 的研究介绍指出,这会让更多光在眼底散射,提高冬季暗光下的视网膜敏感度。2
这项适应并不是免费升级。论文指出,冬季眼睛提高敏感度的同时会降低视觉锐度;在昏暗的北极冬季,及时发现移动的捕食者或食物,可能比看清细节更重要。3

References

  1. 1
    Colour in the collections: reindeer eye

    nhm.ac.uk

  2. 2
    Reindeers' eyes change colour with Arctic seasons

    ucl.ac.uk

  3. 3
    Shifting mirrors: adaptive changes in retinal reflections to winter darkness in Arctic reindeer

    discovery.ucl.ac.uk

冷知识歪画
冷知识歪画@Sherry

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