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2026-11-02

Grade 10 Chemistry Review — Atomic Theory and Ions (4.1 Review Worksheet)

Grade 10 Chemistry Review
Grade 10 Chemistry Review@Ethan Christensen
Grade 10 Chemistry Review — Atomic Theory and Ions (4.1 Review Worksheet)

This sheet starts with a blank periodic table and a picture of an atom, and all twelve of its questions come off those two drawings. This is Grade 10 Chemistry Review.

0:00 / 15:58
Two hosts work through the whole Atomic Theory Review sheet for section 4.1 — twelve questions that start with a blank periodic table and a picture of an atom, and end with a nine-row table of protons, neutrons and electrons — one at a time, with the rule behind each answer and a hook to keep it. The questions and the answers come from the review worksheet on Mr Schmitt's Science 10 site, which is published with its own answer key 1.

What this episode covers

  • Questions 1 and 2 — the two drawings. The far-right column of the table is the noble gases, one step left is the halogens, the two left-hand columns are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, and the wide middle block is the transition metals; hydrogen sits on top of group one without being an alkali metal. On the atom picture, the centre cluster is the nucleus, the plus-marked particles inside it are protons, the unmarked ones are neutrons, the rings are energy shells, and the circles riding on them are electrons.
  • Questions 3 to 5 — what an ion is, both directions. A neutral atom holds as many electrons as protons, so moving one in or out leaves the nucleus alone and charges the atom: that is an ion. Gaining an electron gives an anion, negative, and it is the non-metals that do it. Losing one gives a cation, positive, and it is the metals.
  • Questions 6 to 8 — the outside shell. The outer electrons are the valence electrons, and they are the ones doing the bonding. An atom wants two in period one and eight in periods two and three — the octet rule — and the noble gases are the family that already has a full shell, which is why they hardly react.
  • Question 9 — Bohr diagrams. Sulfur, element sixteen, is sixteen protons and sixteen neutrons with two, eight and six electrons on the shells. Nitrogen is seven and seven, with two and five. The outside count doubles as a check, because for a main-group element it is the group number.
  • Question 10 — the nine-row table. Three rules fill every row: atomic number is the proton count and also the charge on the nucleus, neutrons are mass number minus atomic number, and electrons are protons minus charge. The last three rows are the same element three ways — two isotopes of chlorine and one chloride ion — which is the unit in miniature.
  • Questions 11 and 12 — a multivalent metal and a diagram read backwards. Iron forms two plus or three plus, which is what multivalent means and why the Roman numeral has to be in the name. The diagram marked p equals eleven and n equals twelve is sodium: mass twenty-three, carrying ten electrons, so it is an ion, and sodium has only one ion so it is not multivalent.

The nine-row table, filled in

Element or ionSymbolMass numberAtomic numberProtonsCharge on nucleusElectronsNeutronsCharge
CarbonC12666660
FluorineF199999100
BerylliumBe9444450
Oxygen ionO2−168881082−
SiliconSi2814141414140
Sodium ionNa+2311111110121+
Chlorine-35Cl3517171717180
Chlorine-37Cl3717171717200
Chlorine-35 ionCl−3517171718181−
The charge on the nucleus is the proton count written as a plain number, because each proton brings one plus and nothing else sits in the nucleus.

Quick answers

QuestionAnswer
1. Five families on the periodic tableAlkali metals (group 1), alkaline earth metals (group 2), transition metals (the middle block), halogens (group 17), noble gases (group 18)
2. Five labels on the atom diagramNucleus in the centre, protons and neutrons inside it, electrons on the shells, the shells are energy shells
3. An atom that has gained or lost electronsAn ion
4. An atom that gains an electronAnion, negatively charged, a non-metal
5. An atom that loses an electronCation, positively charged, a metal
6. The electrons in the outside shellB — valence electrons
7. Valence electrons wanted, periods 1, 2 and 32, 8, 8
8. The family with a full valence shellThe noble gases
9. Bohr diagramsSulfur: 16 p, 16 n, shells 2-8-6. Nitrogen: 7 p, 7 n, shells 2-5
10. The nine-row tableFilled in above
11. An example of a multivalent metalIron, Fe3+ and Fe2+ (copper, manganese, lead and tin also do)
12. The diagram with p = 11 and n = 12Sodium; mass number 23; an ion, because it carries 10 electrons; not multivalent
Two notes on the answer key. It leaves question one's periodic table unlabelled, so those five placements are worked out from the table itself. Everything else on the sheet was re-derived from the chemistry and agrees with the key item for item, including the third chlorine row, where the element carries the extra electron rather than the extra neutron 2.
That is the whole atomic theory review. Press play and study along.

References

  1. 1
    Atomic Theory Review #2 — Mr Schmitt, Science 10

    mrschmittscience10.weebly.com

  2. 2
    Atomic Theory Review #2 — Key — Mr Schmitt, Science 10

    mrschmittscience10.weebly.com

Grade 10 Chemistry Review
Grade 10 Chemistry Review@Ethan Christensen

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